Broockman and Kalla (Science 2016) 差別や偏見を減らすような介入とは

現在計画中のフィールド実験に関連するのでメモ.性同一性障害トランスジェンダーに対する様々な嫌悪を示すトランスフォビアを減らす介入について,フィールド実験を行った論文.

Broockman and Kalla. 2016. "Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing.Science, 352(6282), 220–224.

差別や偏見は根強いもので,これらを払拭するためには長期間の集中的な何らかの介入が必要だとされてきた.しかしながら,本研究は約10分間の「相手の立場になって考えさせる」会話が,そうした偏見を少なくとも3ヶ月間は減らすことをフィールド実験によって明らかにした.本研究でのトリートメントは,訪問員が調査対象者を訪問し「性同一性障害トランスジェンダーの立場に立って考えさせる」ような会話をするという介入である.調査対象者に対しては,介入前後(後は3日後,3週間後,6週間後,3ヶ月後)にオンラインサーベイで意識(アウトカム)を訪ねている.一応アブストを以下にメモ.

Abstract

Existing research depicts intergroup prejudices as deeply ingrained, requiring intense intervention to lastingly reduce. Here, we show that a single approximately 10-minute conversation encouraging actively taking the perspective of others can markedly reduce prejudice for at least 3 months. We illustrate this potential with a door-to-door canvassing intervention in South Florida targeting antitransgender prejudice. Despite declines in homophobia, transphobia remains pervasive. For the intervention, 56 canvassers went door to door encouraging active perspective-taking with 501 voters at voters’ doorsteps. A randomized trial found that these conversations substantially reduced transphobia, with decreases greater than Americans’ average decrease in homophobia from 1998 to 2012. These effects persisted for 3 months, and both transgender and nontransgender canvassers were effective. The intervention also increased support for a nondiscrimination law, even after exposing voters to counterarguments.